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Date: April 27, 2024 Sat
Time: 2:36 pm
korea, south
Time: 2:36 pm
korea, south
Results for korea, south
33 total results foundAuthor: Park, Seong min Title: Improving Statistical Modeling of Repeat Victimization: Zero-inflated Effect and Bayesian Prediction Summary: Repeat victimization has become an important issue in the study of crime. However, studies on repeat victimization have not fully paid attention to the statistical characteristics of repeat victimization. In this study, I review the statistical characteristics of repeat victimization and identified three main statistical concerns that should be considered in order to improve the understanding of the phenomenon of repeat victimization: First, studies on repeat victimization have misrepresented the stochastic characteristics of repeat victimization. Second, researchers have neglected the possibility that there may be a large portion of the population who are practically immune from victimization. Third, I expect the accuracy of predicting future victimization may be increased by using both prior information and frequentist likelihood functions simultaneously. To address these concerns, I propose two statistical models: (1) the zero-inflated negative binomial model, and (2) the Bayesian predictive model. From the analysis of Korean Youth Panel data with these proposed models, I find that accounting for zero-inflated effects produces information about victimization that is not otherwise available. And I also detect that the causes of zero-inflated effects are sometimes different than the causes of high risk or event dependency. However, I fail to find optimistic utility of Bayesian methods for studying repeat victimization. Though Bayesian methods can be used to develop individual victimization predictions that are comparable across people and circumstances, their prediction accuracy is less than a much simpler procedure: forecasting victimization based on prior victimization only. The limitations of this study and the suggestions for future studies are discussed. Details: Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Criminal Justice, 2010. 144p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed October 22, 2011 at: http://etd.ohiolink.edu/view.cgi/Park%20Seong%20min.pdf?ucin1289841060 Year: 2010 Country: Korea, South Keywords: Juvenile Offenders (South Korea) Shelf Number: 123094 |
Author: Sarzosa, Miguel Title: Bullying and Cyberbullying in Teenagers, The Role of Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills Summary: Bullying is a behavioral phenomenon that has received much attention in recent times. We use a structural model on a longitudinal youth survey to estimate the effects of bullying based in the identification of latent skills. We find that non-cognitive skills, unlike cognitive ones significantly reduce the chances of being bullied, being a bully and being a cyberbully during high school. The model allows us to estimate the ATE of being bullied and being a bully at age 15 on several outcomes measured at age 18. We find that bullying is not only costly for the victims. Both, victims and bullies, have negative consequences later in life. However, they differ in how non-cognitive and cognitive skills palliate or exacerbate these consequences. Finally, we explore how much investing in non-cognitive skills could reduce bullying occurrence. Our findings indicate that the investment in skill development is key in any policy intended to fight bullying. Details: Working Paper, 2013. 56p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed April 9, 2015 at: http://vox.lacea.org/pdf/lacea2013_bullying.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Korea, South Keywords: Bullying Shelf Number: 135205 |
Author: Porteux, Jonson Nathaniel Title: Police, Paramilitaries, Nationalists and Gangsters: The Processes of State Building in Korea Summary: This dissertation seeks to understand why developed democracies with high state capacity tolerate, and in some cases cooperate with criminal organizations such as paramilitaries, mafia organizations, and vigilantes. The symbiotic relationship between these groups is surprisingly common, but it blurs the lines between legitimate and illegitimate use of violence and allows political actors to circumvent democratic checks on state authority. While previous research has linked illicit violence to weak or failing states, my study is unique in its empirical and theoretical focus on both economically and politically developed governments. It is argued that state monopoly over the use of violence purposefully varies. Political actors must continually exercise their authority in the face of both resource and politically driven constraints in the complex processes of state building, and state maintaining. In the face of resource constraints, political actors sub-contract violence in order to extend their reach and expand their forces. Sub-contracting as a result of principally politically driven constraints however, serves two goals beyond an expansion of forces. First, it allows political actors to distance themselves from police actions deemed illiberal-and hence unpopular-by society. Second, because criminal groups are extra-legal organizations, subcontracting allows the state to avoid transparency and accountability constraints. The choice to subcontract is thus conditioned not only by the end goal, but also by social pressures regarding appropriate means to bring about preferred outcomes. Importantly, the political payoffs from subcontracting are high in states with high levels of operational capacity, as they can best manage the potential risk that criminal groups metastasize and challenge state authority directly. Unbiased, quantifiable data on the linkage between state actors and illicit organizations are-largely by design-impossible to obtain. My primary analysis is based on a year of fieldwork in South Korea, utilizing evidence gleaned from interviews with the police, prosecutors, journalists, mafia members, and victims. Details: Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2013. 218p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed April 6, 2016 at: https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/102333/jporteux_1.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2013 Country: Korea, South Keywords: Criminal Justice Systems Shelf Number: 138588 |
Author: Ryu, Kevin Title: ECPAT Country Overview: South Korea Summary: The Republic of Korea (hereinafter South Korea) is a presidential democracy and is geographically located in East Asia. Children (persons under the age of 18 as defined by domestic law) represent around 17% of the population. Despite the devastation of the Korean War, South Korea is now the 11th largest economy in the world. Even though children generally enjoy high living standards, numerous factors may lead to their sexual exploitation. South Korea accomplished a spectacular economic development and turned into a highly consumer-driven country. Children are heavily affected by consumerism and the pressure of money, which makes them vulnerable to sexual exploitation in prostitution and online child sexual exploitation (OCSE). Child sexual abuse/exploitation materials (CSAM/CSEM) are produced not only by adults, but also self-produced by children who are very familiar with high technology. Although it is making efforts to eliminate the sale and trafficking of children for sexual purposes, South Korea is still considered a source, transit and destination country. In line with such a trend, the sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT) is a considerable problem, as South Korean nationals are one of the main sources of demand for SECTT in Asia. Furthermore, although cases of child early and forced marriages (CEFM) are almost non-existent in South Korea, some cases of international child marriage brokers have been revealed in recent years. The South Korean government takes the eradication of SEC very seriously with strict and harsh punishments. It enacted the Act on the Protection of Children and Juveniles against Sexual Abuse to not only penalise SEC in prostitution, but also OCSE. Although it enacted the Act on the Punishment of Arrangement of Commercial Sex Acts to criminalise the sale and trafficking of children for sexual purposes, South Korea does not have any explicit legislation regarding SECTT. At the national level, several pivotal bodies coordinate and design both international and national policies on children and youth, such as the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family Affairs (MGEF), the Child Policy Coordination Committee and the National Human Rights Commissions. They adopted and formulated several National Plans of Action and Measures, which are rather broad, yet include SEC-related policies. Unfortunately, there is currently no comprehensive strategy, which solely focuses on SEC. In terms of preventive measures, the government has established various programmes and entities. The Korea Communications Standards Commission (KCSC) accesses and orders the correction or deletion of harmful materials online for children and juveniles. Recognising that South Korea is a source of demand for SECTT, the police and the prosecutors organised a joint investigation team dispatched to many East Asian countries. Several national laws and bodies allow children's access to justice. The Civil Act, the Civil Procedure Act, the Child Welfare Act, and the National Human Rights Commission uphold children's right to justice. However, despite such options, there is not yet a specialised juvenile court in place. Fortunately though, there are several child-sensitive procedures. Unfortunately, it appears that child victims are often denied the status of victim and are frequently treated as offenders. In South Korea, recovery and reintegration programmes are provided for children through many institutions, such as the Korea Youth Counselling and Welfare Institute, the Sunflower Children Centres, and the Dream Centre. The Civil Act and the Crime Victim Protection Act both provide compensation for victims of criminal offences, but neither are specifically targeted towards child victims of SEC. Children's participation in the country is integrated into many platforms and programmes. However, the latter mostly encourage the participation of children in general and not that of child victims and survivors in particular, which is something that should be addressed. Details: Bangkok: ECPAT International, 2018. 36p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 20, 2019 at: https://www.ecpat.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ECPAT-Country-Overview-Korea.pdf Year: 2018 Country: Korea, South Keywords: Child Abuse and Neglect Shelf Number: 155928 |
Author: Jung, Minsik Title: Can Social Disorganization Theory Explain Violent Crime in Seoul, South Korea?: A Longitudinal Cross-Cultural Examination Summary: A large body of work has applied social disorganization theory to crime in Western cultures, but minimal research examines how the theory operates within Eastern cultures. This study seeks to fill this gap through an examination of the efficacy of the theory in addressing criminal offending within Seoul, South Korea. Specifically, we examine three sets of variables: structural characteristics of neighborhoods (i.e., ethnic heterogeneity, poverty, SES, and residential mobility), intervening factors (i.e., family disruption and collective efficacy), and competing theoretical indicators (i.e., business and individual opportunities). The selection of variables is informed by prior research on social disorganization and routine activities. Latent growth curve models showed that the effects of ethnic heterogeneity, family disruption, business and individual opportunity exhibit the predicted effects on violent crime rates. The results for SES, poverty, residential mobility, and collective efficacy factors are inconsistent with findings consistently found in Western settings. These findings do not suggest that social disorganization theory is not generalizable; rather they suggest that it is a viable explanation of violent crime in different contexts after considering the specific cultural variations within the study area. Details: Dallas, Texas: University of Texas at Dallas, 2018. 104p. Source: Internet Resource Dissertation: Accessed May 22, 2019 at: https://utd-ir.tdl.org/handle/10735.1/5923 Year: 2018 Country: Korea, South Keywords: Collective Efficacy Shelf Number: 155967 |
Author: Korea. Ministry of Environment Title: Allbaro (Online Waste Disposal Verification System) Summary: In 1999, the Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE) introduced a waste disposal verification system to prevent illegal waste disposal. When the system was first introduced, paper vouchers were used. The system allowed establishing the basis of pursuing legal action against illegal waste management businesses by tracking the disposal process and methods using paper vouchers. However, there were many problems shown in the process. It was inconvenient for waste generators, transporters, and disposers to process them at the site and ended up being overly time consuming because the vouchers were written by hand and mailed. In addition, there were limitations for administrative bodies to prevent illegal treatment, since they were not able to track them during the entire process, and it was also difficult to confirm the 26 million vouchers issued every year. In response to the above mentioned problems, MOE began devising new techniques and systems to solve the problems and keep track of the waste disposal process in real time. As a result, Allbaro, an online waste disposal verification system was developed. Details: Seoul, Korea: Ministry of Environment and Korea Environment Institute, 2008. 12p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed May 30, 2019 at: http://www.unenvironment.org/resources/report/korea-environmental-policy-bulletin-allbaro-online-waste-disposal-verification Year: 2008 Country: Korea, South Keywords: Chemical Waste Shelf Number: 156101 |